Zaburzenia integracji sensorycznej u dzieci i młodzieży ze spektrum autyzmu w kontekście zaburzeń depresyjnych – przegląd literatury

Sensory Processing Disorder in Children and Teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Context of Depressive Disorders – a Literature Review

Dagmara Bielec
ORCID: 0009-0007-0997-5348
Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie

Abstrakt:

Dzieci i młodzież z zaburzeniami w spektrum autyzmu (ASD) często doświadczają współistniejących zaburzeń psychicznych, w tym depresji. Szacuje się, że aż 70% osób z ASD zmaga się z innymi zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Według badań aż 37% osób z zaburzeniami w spektrum autyzmu będzie borykać się z zaburzeniami depresyjnymi w ciągu swojego życia. z kolei zaburzenia integracji sensorycznej (SPD) występują nawet u 96% dzieci z ASD, a ich występowanie jest jednym z kryteriów diagnostycznych zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu. Statystyki sugerują, że spora grupa osób z ASD cierpi jednocześnie na zaburzenia integracji sensorycznej oraz depresję, co skłania do rozważenia występowania korelacji między tymi czynnikami. Zarówno SPD, jak i depresja mogą znacząco wpływać na funkcjonowanie i jakość codziennego życia jednostki, w tym aktywność fizyczną, psychiczną oraz społeczną, a także przyczyniać się do występowania trudnych zachowań, szczególnie w wieku wczesnoszkolnym. Zaburzenia integracji sensorycznej wiążą się również z cierpieniem psychicznym, przez co istnieje prawdopodobieństwo, że mogą także przyczynić się do wystąpienia ciężkich zaburzeń depresyjnych.

Słowa kluczowe: ASD, autyzm, zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu, SPD, zaburzenia integracji sensorycznej, depresja, dzieci i młodzież

Abstract:

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience coexisting psychiatric disorders, including depression. It is estimated that up to 70% of individuals with ASD struggle with other mental disorders. According to the research, as many as 37% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder will face depressive disorders within their lifetime. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) occurs in over 96% of children with ASD, and its occurrence is one of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Statistics suggest that a significant group of individuals with ASD simultaneously suffer from sensory processing disorders and depression, prompting consideration of a potential correlation between these factors. Both SPD and depression can significantly impact an individual’s functioning and quality of daily life, including physical, mental, and social activity, and can contribute to challenging behaviors, especially in early school years.. Sensory processing disorders are also associated with psychological distress, indicating a likelihood that they might contribute to the occurrence of severe depressive disorders as well.

Key words: ASD, autism, autism spectrum disorder, SPD, sensory processing disorder, depression, children and teenagers

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